PEMANFAATAN INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) UNTUK KEAMANAN DAN KONTROL AKTIVITAS NARAPIDANA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN

Abstract

Indonesian correctional institutions need security systems that can respond to overcrowding, limited personnel, prohibited-goods trafficking, violence, and escape risk without reducing prisoners to permanent objects of surveillance. This article examines the lawful use of the Internet of Things (IoT) for prison security and the control of prisoner activities. It applies normative legal research through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to correctional law, personal data protection, electronic-system governance, cybersecurity standards, and international prisoner-treatment principles. The study finds that intelligent cameras, biometric access controls, wearable devices, and environmental sensors may strengthen early warning, accountability, and emergency response. Nevertheless, biometric, location, health, and behavioral data create high risks of excessive surveillance, cyber incidents, algorithmic discrimination, and unclear liability. Indonesia therefore requires a risk-based regulatory model founded on legality, necessity, proportionality, data minimization, human oversight, security by design, independent audit, and effective remedies. IoT should support professional correctional judgment, not replace it.