Journal of Correctional Issues

Intergenerational cycles of violence: Risk factors of child abuse victims who turned violent offenders growing up

2024-07-13T12:32:17+08:00

Child abuse has profound consequences for survivors. It increases the the risk of brain disorder, emotional regulation, self-adjustment, learning, and memory disorders, and is correlated with anti-social interactions and violent behavior in adulthood. This research aims to understand how individuals who have experienced child maltreatment, committed a violent crime once they became an adult. A narrative method was used in this study. By illuminating how early-life victimization could shape the life of an individual, we hope to shed light and eventually prevent survivors of child maltreatment down a path of violence. Three violent offenders were the subjects of this study. Data collection methods in the form of semi-structured interviews and non-human sources of information were carried out on three perpetrators of criminal acts of murder and abuse which resulted in death. The results in this study were analyzed using thematic analysis in chronological order. It was revealed that there are several risk factors in the series of cases of criminal acts. Intergenerational transmission of multiple risk factors and the use of illegal drugs are the main causes of aggressive behavior and criminal acts.

The Relationship between Empathy and Aggressive Driving Behavior in Late Adolescents in Makassar City

2024-07-12T23:23:38+08:00

The increase in motorbike vehicles continues to occur every year. This is because aggressive driving behavior in late adolescents in Makassar City. The subjects of this research consisted of 260 people aged 18-22 years who rode motorbikes in Makassar City. This research uses an aggressive driving scale and an empathy scale. The sampling technique used accidental sampling technique with data analysis using the Spearman Rho technique using SPSS IBM 24.0 for Windows. The results show that the R coefficient value is -0.375 and the p value = 0.000 <0.05, meaning that there is a negative relationship between empathy and aggressive driving behavior in late teens. The higher the empathy, the lower the aggressive driving behavior, and vice versa. The effective contribution (R Squaredmotorbikes make it very easy for individuals to carry out daily activities. However, teenagers' involvement in aggressive driving has the potential to cause accidents. The need for empathy to position oneself so as to reduce the level of aggressiveness when driving. This research aims to determine the relationship between empathy and) of the empathy variable to aggressive driving behavior is 19.6%. The implications of this research provide an overview of the relationship between empathy and aggressive driving behavior, a scientific basis for related parties in taking management policies related to driving, as a reference in providing education so that they can be empathetic when driving.

Application of Early Childhood Development Stimulation in Families with Working Mothers

2024-08-02T15:25:18+08:00

Stimulation is very important in early childhood development so that children's abilities develop optimally according to their age. The aim of the research is to determine the application of developmental stimulation from all aspects of development starting from physical, motoric, language, social and emotional aspects carried out by families with working mothers while accompanying early childhood children aged 0-5 years at home. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with the research subjects being parents who have children aged 0-5 years in Makassar City. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction collection, drawing conclusions and presenting data. The results of this research show that the application of developmental stimulation to working mothers prioritizes stimulating aspects of children's cognitive, social and fine motor development compared to other developmental aspects such as language, emotions, morals and religiosity. Working mothers are generally supported by other caregiver figures, the majority of whom come from the family, such as husbands, grandparents, aunts, older siblings as well as caregivers outside the family and day care. There are several factors that influence the developmental stimulation provided by working mothers, namely employment, duration of work, number of children, marital status, and knowledge about developmental stimulation and child care. The contribution of this research is expected to encourage awareness among all family members, especially working mothers and other caregivers, of the obligation to educate children and the importance of stimulating development so that young children are able to achieve developmental tasks appropriate to their age.

The Effect of Self-Compassion on Loneliness in Early Adulthood in Makassar City

2024-08-02T15:36:15+08:00

Loneliness is one of the problems felt by individuals who are entering the early adult phase. Individuals who feel lonely have a negative view not only of themselves but also of other people that have an impact on their social life. This research has not been widely carried out in Makassar City. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of self-compassion on loneliness in early adulthood in Makassar City. This study used a quantitative method with a sample collection technique using an incidental sampling technique with a total of 286 respondents in Makassar City students with an age range of 18-26 years. The research data was obtained using the UCLA Loneliness and the Self-Compassion Scale. The results of simple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25 for windows obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05) and a coefficient of determination r² = 0.146 which means that self-compassion has an influence on the loneliness variable of 14.6%. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of self-compassion on loneliness in early adulthood in Makassar City.

The Effect of Self-Esteem on Fear Of Negative Evaluation in Students

2024-08-02T15:48:21+08:00

Fear of negative evaluation refers to the fear experienced by individuals, stemming from concerns that others may perceive or judge them negatively. One influential factor affecting this fear is self-esteem. This research aims to determine the impact of self-esteem on students' fear of negative evaluation. This research uses ordinal regression analysis techniques. The respondents for this study consisted of 304 students selected through accidental sampling techniques. The research findings reveal a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation in students (r = -9,572, p = 0.00 < 0.05), indicating that higher self-esteem scores are associated with lower levels of fear of negative evaluation among students. Future researchers are encouraged to explore the correlation between fear of negative evaluation and other variables to identify additional factors that may have a more substantial impact on fear of negative evaluation. Additionally, employing alternative methods such as experimental approaches could provide direct insights into the implications of enhancing self-esteem in reducing fear of negative evaluation. The implication of this research is an understanding of the need for students to increase their self-esteem and overcome the fear of negative evaluation so that they can better achieve their academic and social potential.

The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Self-Control in Residents of Class II B State Prison, Majene Regency

2024-08-02T16:07:24+08:00

Self-control is an individual's ability to process negative stimuli encountered in life, where self-compassion can relieve negative consequences that are present from unpleasant events. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-compassion and self-control in residents of Majene Class IIB Detention Center. This study used a correlational quantitative approach. The research respondents were 117 residents of Class II B Majene Detention Center using total sampling technique. The results showed a strong positive relationship and between self-compassion and self-control in residents of Class II B Majene Detention Center (R = 0.645; p = 0.000 <0.05) indicating that the higher the self-compassion score, the higher the self-control in detainees and correctional inmates in detention centers. T-tests in this study showed differences in self-compassion and self-control scores based on education level, and differences in self-control scores based on length of sentence in detention center residents. This study suggests that institutions that provide correctional services should implement self-compassion training as a practice in improving the self-control of detainees and prisoners.

The Relationship between Perception of Parental Divorce and Readiness to Marry in Early Adults

2024-08-03T11:56:34+08:00

In early adulthood, one of the developmental tasks is choosing a partner and preparing for marriage. However, currently there are still many early adults who have not prepared themselves to get married and one of the factors that influence an individual's readiness to marry is personality and behavior. Personality and behavior are formed from the perceptions, attitudes and values that individuals have regarding their family background (having a divorced family). This research aims to determine the relationship between perceptions of parental divorce and readiness to marry in early adulthood. The sample in this study consisted of 100 people aged 18-25 years, whose parents were divorced and unmarried. Data collection was carried out using two research instruments, namely, the perception scale towards divorce and the readiness scale for marriage. Hypothesis testing using product moment correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between perceptions of parental divorce and readiness to marry in early adulthood, r = 0.51 (p = 0.000). The more positive the perception of parental divorce, the higher the readiness to marry in early adulthood. The implication of this research is that early adult individuals are expected to be able to view divorce from two points of view, both positive and negative, so that it does not become a reason for individuals to postpone their marriage.

The Relationship between Confidence and Public Speaking Anxiety in UNM Psychology Students who Join Organizations on Campus

2024-08-03T12:13:18+08:00

Abstract

Self-confidence here plays a very important role in reducing the feeling of anxiety that arises when speaking both privately and when in front of many people. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-confidence and public speaking anxiety in UNM psychology students who participate in organizations on campus. The sample for this research was UNM Psychology students who participated in organizations on campus, totaling 111 people. This research uses two scales as measuring tools, namely the self-confidence scale and the public speaking anxiety scale which are structured based on aspects of Lauster's self-confidence and the components of public speaking anxiety based on Rogers' theory. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there was a significant negative relationship between self-confidence and public speaking anxiety, r = -0.838 (p = 0.000). The higher the level of self-confidence, the lower the level of anxiety about speaking in public. The implication of this research is that students who join organizations can increase their self-confidence well so they do not experience anxiety about speaking in public.

Keywords : Self-confidence, Speaking anxiety, Student organization

Overview of the Quarter Life Crisis in Generation Z who are Entering Early Adulthood

2024-08-03T12:25:49+08:00

Generation Z who are entering adulthood are experiencing various demands of developmental tasks which make generation Z face a quarter life crisis. This research aims to reveal the overview of the quarter life crisis in generation Z who are entering early adulthood. This research uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach through semi-structured interviews with 5 respondents aged 20-28 years, and 4 significant others. The data analysis technique uses theory driven analysis techniques. The research results show that generation Z experiences indecisiveness in making decisions, despair, negative self-evaluation, being trapped in difficult situations, anxious, depressed, and worried about interpersonal relationships. This crisis arises due to lack of confidence in one's abilities, fear of taking risks, not having goal, ease of accessing information, mastery of technology, competition in getting a job, social demands, and poor friendships. The impacts felt by generation Z include feelings of shame, stress, overthinking, hopelessness, health problems, spending more time on social media, and being encouraged to develop and get to know themselves. It is hoped that this research can be a source of information for generation Z in understanding and overcoming the quarter life crisis.

Keywords: Early adulthood, Generation Z, Quarter life crisis

The Relationship Between Gratitude and Resilience in Correctional Inmates in Class I Correctional Institution in Makassar

2024-08-03T12:57:04+08:00

Gratitude that is owned in individuals, can generate resilience in individuals. Also, low gratitude will not generate resilience in individuals who experience problems. Conversely, if gratitude is high then resilience will also rise. This study aims to determine whether gratitude has a relationship with resilience in prison-assisted residents in Makassar Class 1 Correctional Institutions. Participants in this study amounted to 288 people with the sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. The hypothesis test used is the spearman correlation analysis technique. The results of the test obtained sig p = (0.001) < 0.005 and r = (0.202) then gratitude contributed 4% to resilience or r² = 0.040. So it can be concluded that gratitude and resilience have a positive relationship so that when individuals have high gratitude, the resilience they have will also be high in correctional facilities at Makassar Class 1 Correctional Institution. The implication in this study is that gratitude can be used for interventions to increase resilience in correctional assisted citizens.

The Relationship between Peer Social Support and Resilience Attitudes in Regional Students in Makassar City

2024-08-03T13:55:36+08:00

Regional Students are a group of students who leave their hometown and will stay in an area for a certain period of time. Due to the differences in various aspects of life, regional students are expected to be able to adapt to their host environment. Regional Students who have successfully adapted during the overseas period will display resilient behavior when going through critical periods full of pressure and challenges. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between peer social support and the resilience attitudes of regional students in the city of Makassar. The participant of this research were 300 regional students in the city of Makassar. The scales used in this research are the Social Support Behavior SS-B and the Ego Resiliency Scale Revised ER 89-R. The sampling technique uses a non-probability sampling technique, namely convenience sampling. The analysis in this research used SPSS for Windows version 24. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Sperman Rank analysis with the results of an r-value of 0.266 and a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05, which means it is significant. This means that the higher the peer social support for regional students in the city of Makassar, the better the attitude of resilience among Regional Students. The implications of this research provide an overview of the relationship between peer social support and resilience among regional students in the city of Makassar and become the basis for universities to run a peer group program with the aim of getting students actively involved in both regional students and non-migrant students in the city of Makassar

Dynamics of Early Marriage Adjustment in Women Matched at a Young Age

2024-08-03T14:22:01+08:00

Early marital adjustment is very difficult to endure, especially for women who have been forced to marry because they were arranged in early-age. This research aims to determine dynamics of early marital adjustment in in early-age women in arranged marriages. The method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with four women who were married before the age of 18 and had been married for more than 10 years. Data analysis is conducted through four stages: epoche, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis of meaning and essences. The result found that woman who arranged marriage in early-age generally experienced the dynamics of early marital adjustment through the five stages. Denial is shown through feelings of shock, sadness, fear, and rejection of marriage. Anger is shown through a decline in physical condition. Bargaining is shown through seeking help. Depression is shown through resignation and indifference towards marriage. Acceptance is influenced by supporting factors, namely the behavior and attitude of the husband, parents, carrying out the role of a wife, trying to convince oneself, readiness to become a parent, adjusting to the husband's family, fulfilling household needs, maintaining communication, and lowering the ego. The inhibiting factors are being unprepared for marriage and age differences with the husband. In the end, the respondents melted and began to accept their husbands due to the kindness, patience, and affection shown by them. The respondents have started to find happiness in their marriages. The implication of this research is that it is hoped that it can increase knowledge regarding the dynamics of early marital adjustment in in early-age women in arranged marriages.

The Relationship between Self Regulated Learning and Self-Adjustment of New Students who Migrate at Makassar State University

2024-08-03T14:52:13+08:00

Students are individuals who are currently in the process of acquiring knowledge and are registered at an institution such as a university, polytechnic or other educational institution. Individuals who have just entered the world of college in their first year are called new students. Status as a new student will certainly provide a significant difference compared to when you were a student. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-regulated learning and the adjustment of new students who have migrated from outside South Sulawesi to study at Makassar State University. The sample in this study consisted of 160 people who were new students in 2023 and were currently migrating to South Sulawesi. Data collection was carried out using two research instruments, namely, the self-regulated learning scale and the self-adjustment scale. Hypothesis testing using product moment correlation analysis. The research results show that there is a positive relationship between self-regulated learning and new students' self-adjustment, r = 0.599 (p = 0.000). The higher the level of self-regulated learning, the higher the student's self-adjustment.

Self-Admission Training to Increase Confidence for Assisted Residents of Class II B Sorong Correctional Institution

2024-08-04T10:01:21+08:00

This study aims to determine the effect of self-acceptance training on increasing the confidence of prisoners of Class II B Sorong Prison who have served 2/3 (two thirds) of the criminal period. The research method used an experimental approach, with a quasi-experimental research design Non-Randomized the one group pretest and posttest. Researchers determined 20 prisoners as research subjects with low self-confidence. Using validated psychological scale instruments with Aiken's V range (V = 0.828 < 0.8), validated training modules with Aiken's V range (V = 0.82 < 0.8), observation sheets and Informed Consent. This study used the Independent Sample t Test analysis technique. The results showed that self-acceptance training was proven to increase the confidence of the prisoners, with the difference in training scores between T1 [M = 62.20, SD = 6.408, t = -10.734, sig (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05] and T2 [M = 86.30, SD = 3.057, t = -10.734, sig (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05]. Then in the control group showed T1 [M = 67.80, SD = 1.619, t = -10.433, sig (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05] and T2 [M = 76.00, SD = 1.886, t = 10.433, sig (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05]. It can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted where, the level of self-confidence of the experimental group is higher than the level of self-confidence of the control group.

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Loneliness in Migrant Students

2024-08-04T10:30:44+08:00

Migrant students who experience a transition to a new environment will face various anxieties while overseas, one of which is the emergence of feelings of loneliness. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness in migrant students. The subjects in this research were 276 migrant students studying in the city of Makassar. The sampling technique used was incidental sampling technique. This research uses the Spearman Rho correlation analysis technique. The results of data analysis obtained a significance value (p = 0.001 < 0.005) with a correlation coefficient value (r = -0.546). The results of the analysis show that there is a negative relationship between self-esteem and loneliness in migrant students. The higher the self-esteem, the lower the equality for migrant students, conversely, the lower the self-esteem, the higher the equality for migrant students. This research can provide a basis for the development of psychological intervention programs aimed at increasing self-esteem and reducing levels of loneliness in migrant students.

The Effect of Smartphone Use Intensity on High School Students' Learning Motivation

2024-08-04T10:49:58+08:00

Learning motivation is the impetus that arises from within individuals to learn. Learning motivation is one of the important factors that individuals must possess in their efforts to achieve good learning outcomes. One of the factors that influences learning motivation is usage. This study aims to determine the effect of smartphone usage intensity on high school students' learning motivation. This study uses a quantitative regression approach. The respondents in this study were 196 students of grade XI at SMA Negeri 2 Pinrang (n=196, 49 males and 147 females). The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. The results of the study indicate that there is no significance between smartphone usage intensity and high school students' learning motivation (p: X to Y1 = 0.205. X to Y2 = 0.181. X to Y3 = 0.384), which means there is no influence between smartphone usage intensity and intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation motivation in students. In this case, smartphone usage intensity is not significant in the process of whether learning motivation emerges or not in students. The implications of this study show differences in results compared to previous studies that stated an influence between smartphone usage and students' learning motivation. This study is expected to serve as a basis for further researchers who investigate similar variables.

The Relationship Between Materialism and Compulsive Buying in the Phenomenon of Online Shopping for Teenagers in Makassar City

2024-08-04T11:07:24+08:00

The presence of online stores makes transactions easier for consumers, especially teenagers. However, shopping activities can trigger continuous purchases or addiction which is called compulsive buying. The increasing level of compulsive buying behavior in individuals is influenced by increasing levels of materialism. Individuals with high materialism will feel they can raise their social status or build a good personal identity with the items they use. This research was conducted on 355 adolescents in Makassar City. Samples were taken using the Accidental Sampling technique. The results of this research show that there is a relationship between materialism and compulsive buying in the online shopping phenomenon of teenagers in Makassar City with a significant value (r = 0.350; p = 0.000). Researchers conducted additional tests to see how much influence materialism has on compulsive buying. Materialism contributes 12.2% to compulsive buying. It is hoped that this research can contribute to knowledge in the field of social psychology, especially regarding the relationship between materialism and compulsive buying in society, especially teenagers. The implication of this research is that for teenagers who have high materialism, the results of this research can provide new insights regarding online shopping and compulsive buying behavior.

Shyness's Contribution to Student Engagement in Makassar State University Students

2024-08-04T12:58:33+08:00

This study aims to determine the contribution of shyness to student engagement in university students. The respondents in this study were active students from 9 faculties at Makassar State University with a total of 456 people. The measuring instrument used in this study is a student engagement and shyness scales. The data in this study were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the data analysis showed a significant value of 0.000, meaning that there is a contribution of shyness to student engagement in UNM students. The r value was -0.430, indicating that shyness has a negative contribution to student engagement with a moderate correlation strength category, and the R Square value was 0.185, meaning that shyness has a contribution of 18.5% to student engagement. The implication of this study is that it can contribute to the development of science related to shyness and student engagement, and can be used as a guide for students and educators in reducing shyness and increasing student engagement.

Overview of Quality of Life in Pet Owners Elderly

2024-08-04T13:56:22+08:00

The elderly experience a decline in physical, psychological and social functions that can affect quality of life but can be improved through close figures such as pets. This study aims to determine how the quality of life is described in elderly pet owners. This research uses a qualitative method of case study approach with theory-driven analysis. Data collection through interviews and observations of three elderly people aged 60 years and over. The results obtained show that the elderly feel satisfaction in the dimensions of physical well-being, social well-being, emotional well-being development and activity while having pets. Pets can serve as a source of social support that provides both physical and psychological benefits for the elderly. In material well-being, the elderly show less satisfaction due to unstable financial conditions. However, pet care can be adjusted to the financial condition of the elderly. This research can be a reference for the government to provide financial assistance, especially to the elderly.

A Self-Acceptance of Children in Conflict with the Law After Serving the Court Decision

2024-08-13T10:20:32+08:00

Penelitan memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek penerimaan diri pada anak yang pernah berkonflik dengan hukum setelah pulang dan kembali ke masyarakat. Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum adalah sebutan bagi anak yang sudah berusia 12 tahun hingga 18 tahun yang diduga sebagai pelaku atas tindak pidana alias tersangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif serta menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat orang anak berkonflik dengan hukum berusia antara 14-16 tahun dan telah menjalani putusan pengadilan. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa keempat infroman memiliki penerimaan diri yang baik. karena masing-masing memiliki aspek-aspek penerimaan diri seperti: persepsi mengenai diri dan sikap terhadap penampilan, sikap terhadap kelemahan dan kekuatan diri sendiri dan orang lain, perasaan inferioritas sebagai gejala penolakan diri, respon atas penolakan dan kritikan, keseimbangan antara “reals self” dan “ideal self” penerimaan diri dan penerimaan orang lain, menuruti kehendak dan menonjolkan diri, spontanitas, dan menikmati hidup, aspek moral penerimaan diri dan sikap terhadap penerimaan diri